Valuation of Ecosystem Services in Terms of Stored Carbon: A Case Study of Margallah Hills, National Park, Islamabad
Ecosystems play pivotal role in human lives, providing basic life support to human and animal population and enrich our lives in many different ways such as spiritual, aesthetic and other such human experiences Science Adisory Board, (2009).The ecosystem services can be defined as, the services provided by natural environment system and unit of living things (animals, plants, microorganisms) that benefit human beings Defra, (2007). Daily has defined the ecosystem services as “the conditions and processes by which natural ecosystems, and the species that make them up, sustain and fulfill human life Daily et al (1997 ).These services are the direct consequence of ecosystem functions, which is ‘the capacity of natural processes and components to provide goods and services that satisfy human needs directly or indirectly’ Degroot et al. (2002). According to Degroot et al. (2002) there are 23 ecosystem functions, underlying ecosystem processes and components, of which major are Gas regulation, Climate regulation, Water regulation, waste treatment, pollination, food, raw, material, aesthetic, recreation and spiritual information etc. Similarly the maintenance of air quality, storm protection, flood prevention, prevention of damage from erosion, pollution control, prevention of pests and diseases, building and manufacturing, fuel and energy, fodder and fertilizers, medicinal and ornamental resources etc. are some of the goods and services provided by natural ecosystems. Supervisor:- Dr. Rehana Siddiqui
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