Abstract

This research conducted a comparative analysis on the inclusiveness of visually impaired individuals in Pakistan, particularly in education and infrastructure accessibility. Using Content Analysis approach, it compared laws protecting their rights in Pakistan, the European Union, India, and the United States, based on UNCRPD standards. The study evaluated the role of PESTL factors in law implementation. Findings reveal a shared commitment among these countries to promote the rights of visually impaired individuals, emphasizing equity, inclusivity, accessibility, and social welfare in their legal frameworks. However, challenges in implementing these laws persist due to PESTL factors. Thematic analysis of primary data from semi-structured interviews with sixty visually impaired individuals in Pakistan revealed significant challenges in various aspects of their lives, calling for comprehensive changes and increased support. In education, knowledge gaps and admission obstacles limit their access, necessitating improvements in the implementation of laws. Misconceptions and inaccessible facilities hinder their participation in sports, while special educational institutions vary in meeting their unique needs. Accessing accommodations, online resources, and libraries remains challenging. The inclusive social infrastructure falls short, affecting personal decisions, privacy, and relationships. Mobility and employment face limitations, including barriers to public spaces and workplace discrimination. Suggestions are provided to enhance inclusiveness for visually impaired individuals in Pakistan.