Abstract

This study investigates the hospital waste management practices in Multan, focusing on the implementation of the Punjab Hospital Waste Management Rules 2014 (PHWMR) in public and private hospitals. A mixed-methods approach was used, including questionnaires distributed to hospital staff and in-depth interviews with hospital administrators. The use of these methods was instrumental in comprehensively assessing both the practical and administrative aspects of compliance. The findings of this study indicate widespread deficiencies in the establishment of waste management teams, formulation of management plans, and appointment of designated waste management officers, particularly prevalent in private hospitals. Problems such as inadequate labeling and low-quality waste bags, insufficient chemical waste management, irregularities in sharp waste disposal, and deficient provision of Personal Protective Equipment (PPEs) were also identified. Furthermore, failings in waste transportation infrastructure, non-compliance with waste storage protocols, and irregularities in independent waste disposal practices by private hospitals were noted. Additionally, a lack of awareness among hospital staff regarding occupational health risks and inadequate disease screening practices was observed. Hospital administrations revealed a limited understanding of PHWMR 2014 requirements and expressed concerns about regulatory oversight and procurement challenges. Based on these findings, policy recommendations are proposed for the improvement of hospital waste management practices in hospitals of Multan. These include the formation of waste management teams, enhancing waste segregation and labeling procedures, ensuring comprehensive PPE provision and adherence to waste transportation standards, enforcing stringent waste storage regulations, and implementing effective incident management protocols. Additional measures advocate for educating healthcare workers, enhancing administrative understanding and procurement capabilities, and increasing accountability in waste management practices. The implementation of these recommendations aims to foster compliance with PHWMR 2014, mitigate health risks associated with improper waste management, and promote sustainable environmental practices across Multan’s hospitals.