This study is applied research and its focus is on the review of the National Education Policies (NEPs) and comparative analysis of the quality of education in public and private primary schools in district Mansehra. The primary education in Pakistan has made little progress and stayed uneven in Universal Primary Education (UPE), Net Enrollment Rate (NER), Retention, and Quality of Education. This study has been developed through reviewing NEPs and comparing quality of education in public and private primary schools in district Mansehra. Structured questionnaire has been used as research tool and data collected from 30 schools of both sectors. Additionally, a written test from 450 students has been taken to measure students’ performance. Descriptive statistics and paired sample t-test have been applied to derive results. The review of the NEPs reflects that in every single policy the emphasis was laid on free and compulsory education, UPE, enrollment, and retention whereas, the quality of education has been given very rare preferences in the whole policy discourse. Based on the available literature, the study found that the NEPs failed to achieve desired objectives due to some economic, social, and political upsets. Further, the results of the comparative analysis showed that private schools performed better than public school in every measure of quality of education. That is why private schools became more favorable since past few years due to their better quality of education. Although, public schools provide free education; however, quality of education is a major concern in these schools as a result, the dropout rate increases, and enrollment rate decreases since the past few years in the KP particularly in district Mansehra. A coherent and robust policy is recommended to improve the quality of education with the supplement of strong policy implementations. This study is equally applicable and generalizable to all educational stakeholders. Supervisor:- Dr. Nasir Iqbal